Earth’s inner core is not uniform but has an onion-like layered structure, with varying chemical compositions at different depths. Silicon and carbon mixed with iron explain long-standing seismic anomalies.
Earthquake waves travel faster along Earth’s rotational axis than across the equator due to crystallized iron alloys aligning in specific directions—a phenomenon confirmed through high-pressure lab experiments.
Using diamond anvil cells and X-ray diffraction, researchers recreated core conditions (over 1 million atmospheres, 820°C), proving that iron-silicon-carbon alloys develop lattice-preferred orientation (LPO), matching seismic observations.
The inner core solidified gradually, concentrating lighter elements (silicon, carbon) toward outer layers, preserving a


